Prayer in a form of a Lion “Ali bin abi Talib, the victorious lion of God, may God be pleased with him" Prayer in a form of a human figure “I testify that there is no god, but God and Muhammad is a messenger of God"Ģ0 Qur’anic verse in the shape of a mosqueĢ2 Tarab (Joy/delight). Signature of an Ottoman Sultan Basmallah in Tughra’ styleġ9 Pictorial Calligraphy: words are manipulated and structured into the shape of a human figure, a bird, an animal or an object. ![]() It was supposed to be impossible to imitate. Tughra’ was used by the Ottoman sultans as their signature. The word Riq’a means “a small sheet,” which could be an indication of the media on which it was originally created.ġ8 Tughra’ was used by the Ottoman sultans as their signature It is noted for its simplicity and its short horizontal stems. Riq’a is a style that has evolved from Nasakh and Thuluth. This style became a favorite script for writing in the Ottoman chancellery, and its name was derived from the word “Diwan,” which means the “Royal Court.”ġ7 Riq’a is a style that has evolved from Nasakh and Thuluth It is noted for its clarity to read and write, and was used to copy the Qur’an.ġ5 Ta’liq means “hanging,” referring to the shape of the letters, is a cursive script developed by the Persians in the early part of the 9th century A.D., and it is also called Farsi (Persians).ġ6 Diwani was developed by the Ottomans from the Ta’liq styleĭiwani was developed by the Ottomans from the Ta’liq style. It is noted for its cursive letters and its use as an ornamental script.ġ4 Nasakh means “copy” in Arabic, is one of the earliest scripts, redesigned by Ibn Muqlah in the 10th century A.D., using a comprehensive system of proportion. It was first formulated in the 7th century A.D., and fully developed in the 9th century. Variations of Kufic Style: Fayeq Oweis, 2005 Arab American National Museum Source:ġ3 Thuluth means “one third,” referring to the proportion of the pen in relation to a previous style called Tumaar. One of the early kufic inscriptions can be seen inside the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem. Kufic is one of the earliest styles to be used to record the word of God in the Qur’an. System of Ibn-Muqla, 9th Centuryġ0 Primary Styles Over 100 Styles 6 Primary StylesĪdditional Artistic forms Named based on: width of the pen - Thuluth usage - Nasakh curvature of style - Yabis place of development– Kufi the name of creator - Yaqutiġ1 Kufi or Kufic: is noted for its proportional measurements, angularity, and squareness. The width of the alif, (the dot) which is the square impression formed by pressing the tip of the calligrapher's reed pen to paper An imaginary circle with alif as its diameter, within which all Arabic letters could fit and be written. ![]() Three elements are the basis of proportion in Arabic Calligraphy: The height of the alif, which is a straight and vertical stroke (3-12) dots. To Glorify & Beautify God’s words As a form of worship As a spiritual activity Artistic Decoration Identity The revelation of Islam had a major impact on the development of Arabic language & Script.įirst Revelation of the Qur’an & Other verses Teaching Arabic writing in the first mosque The 40 scribes that recorded the Qur’an The release of Prisoners of war for teaching others The collection and copying of the Qur’an. As a writing system, Arabic appeared in early 5th Century. The Arabic Script was developed from the Nabataean script, which was itself derived from the Aramaic script. The Art of the Pen The Art of Writing Geometry of the Spirit Geometry of the line How Writing Became an Art Form: The Revelation of the Qur’an as an inspiration To glorify the words of God – visually as in recitation The discouragement of representing human figures General Features of Arabic Calligraphy Development of Arabic Script & Calligraphy Primary Styles, Samples & Features Calligraphy & Architecture Calligraphy & Fine Art New Techniques & ApplicationsĪrabic Script & Calligraphy Geometric Patterns Floral & Vegetal Motifs (Arabesque) Jamal Badran, 1980’s Decorations on Glass Presentation on theme: "The Art of Arabic Calligraphy."- Presentation transcript:
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